Sources
Everything Onward Babe is built on, in one place. Every Path and article cites the specific sources it relies on.
- ACOG, Evaluating Infertility (FAQ)
- ASRM, Fertility evaluation of infertile women: a committee opinion (2021)
- ASRM, Recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion (2026)
- CDC, Folic acid: recommended intake
- CDC, ART Success Rates (clinic data)
- SART, Find a clinic and success rates
- ASRM, Evidence-based treatments for couples with unexplained infertility: a guideline (2020)
- ReproductiveFacts.org (ASRM patient resources)
- RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association
- Postpartum Support International (also supports pregnancy loss)
- Karayiannis et al., Mediterranean diet adherence and IVF success, Human Reproduction 2018
- Florou et al., CoQ10 in ART: systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs, J Assist Reprod Genet 2020
- Cochrane Review, Inositol for subfertile women with PCOS (2018)
- Chu et al., Vitamin D and ART outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis, Human Reproduction 2018
- Stanhiser et al., Omega-3 supplementation and fecundability, Human Reproduction 2022
- Schisterman et al., Folic acid and zinc in men (FAZST randomized trial), JAMA 2020
- FoundMyFitness (Dr. Rhonda Patrick): research summaries on nutrition, sleep, and healthspan
- ACOG Committee Opinion 462, Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy
- Domar et al., Impact of a group mind/body intervention on pregnancy rates in IVF patients, Fertility and Sterility 2011
- Cochrane Review, Acupuncture and assisted reproductive technology (2013)
- NSF Certified for Sport: third-party supplement certification
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Dietary supplements in pregnancy
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Choline fact sheet
- ESHRE (European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) guidelines
- NICE (UK), Fertility problems: assessment and treatment (CG156)
- RCOG (UK), Recurrent miscarriage green-top guideline
- World Health Organization, infertility fact sheet
- Comparative study of RPL criteria (ASRM/ESHRE vs WHO/RCOG), Frontiers in Reproductive Health 2023
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome, StatPearls (NIH/NCBI): diagnostic criteria and pregnancy management
- 2023 ACR/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
- ASRM releases first updated guidance on recurrent pregnancy loss in over a decade (2026)
- ACOG Practice Bulletin, Early Pregnancy Loss
- RESOLVE, Insurance coverage by state
- RESOLVE, Getting insurance coverage at work
- HealthCare.gov, Internal appeals: deadlines and process
- CMS, External review of health plan decisions
- MultiState, State fertility coverage mandates and 2026 legislative trends
- Federal Register, Excepted Fertility Benefits (proposed rule, May 2026)
- Triage Cancer, Self-insured vs fully insured employer plans
- ACOG Committee Opinion 819, Informed Consent and Shared Decision Making in Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Informed refusal: when patients decline treatment (TMLT clinical resource)
- HHS, Individuals' right under HIPAA to access their health information (45 CFR 164.524)
- AHRQ, The SHARE Approach to shared decision making
- Examine.com: independent research synthesis on supplements and nutrition
- Wegovy (semaglutide) prescribing information, DailyMed / NIH
- Lilly Medical, tirzepatide and oral contraceptives
- Preconception Counseling and Care, American Family Physician 2023
- Recommendations for Preconception Counseling and Care (medication table), American Family Physician
- American College of Rheumatology, Reproductive health guideline (2020), summary
- The iPLEDGE REMS Guide for isotretinoin patients who can get pregnant, US FDA risk management program
- ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline 5, Treatment and management of mental health conditions during pregnancy and postpartum (2023)
- Ibuprofen delays ovulation by several hours: prospective controlled study in natural cycles, Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2024
- FDA Drug Safety Communication: request to remove the strongest warning against using statins in pregnancy (2021)
- Periconceptional GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure and obstetric outcomes: Danish nationwide cohort, Human Reproduction Open 2026
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of GLP-1 exposure in pregnancy and congenital anomalies (7 cohorts, >40,000 pregnancies)
- GLP-1 receptor agonists and preconception planning: a narrative review (2026)
- GLP-1 receptor agonists, fertility restoration and reproductive safety: a narrative review, J Clin Med
- Bayesian network meta-analysis of acupuncture-related therapies in IVF-ET (96 RCTs, 14,736 participants), J Assist Reprod Genet 2025
- Acupuncture for emotional problems in women with infertility: systematic review and meta-analysis (12 RCTs, 1,930 participants), Healthcare 2023
- ASRM / ReproductiveFacts, Acupuncture and infertility treatment patient fact sheet
- Acupuncture and endocrine/metabolic outcomes in PCOS: systematic review and meta-analysis, Annals of Medicine 2025
- Effectiveness of acupuncture treatment schedule on ART outcomes: systematic review and network meta-analysis
- Stener-Victorin et al., Reduction of blood flow impedance in the uterine arteries of infertile women with electro-acupuncture, Human Reproduction 1996
- Liu et al., A neuroanatomical basis for electroacupuncture to drive the vagal–adrenal axis, Nature 2021
- Anti-inflammatory mechanism of electroacupuncture involves multiple systems, levels and targets and is not limited to driving the vagus-adrenal axis, J Integr Med
- Regulation of the autonomic nervous system by acupuncture: a heart rate variability study, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2025
- Online physician reviews do not reflect patient satisfaction survey responses, Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2018
- Data quality issues with physician-rating websites: systematic review, J Med Internet Res
- ABMS Certification Matters: verify board certification
- NPPES NPI Registry: verify a provider's registration and specialty
- CMS Open Payments: industry payments to physicians
- PubMed: search a physician's published research
- ASRM, Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion (2022)
- ASRM / ReproductiveFacts, Optimizing natural fertility patient fact sheet
- Wilcox, Weinberg & Baird, Timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation, New England Journal of Medicine 1995
- Wilcox, Baird & Weinberg, Time of implantation of the conceptus and loss of pregnancy, New England Journal of Medicine 1999
- Gnoth et al., Time to pregnancy: results of the German prospective study, Human Reproduction 2003
- Johnson et al., Can apps and calendar methods predict ovulation with accuracy? Current Medical Research and Opinion 2018
- FTC, Developer of popular women's fertility-tracking app settles allegations it misled consumers about disclosure of health data (2021)
- Clearblue Advanced Digital Ovulation Test: product and performance information (manufacturer)
- Non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: how different is it from the Sydney criteria? A single-centre study, Biomedicines 2022
- Pregnancy outcomes in non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: analysis of a cohort of 91 patients (2025)
- Longitudinal profiling of antiphospholipid antibodies: pre-conception levels as a predictor of live birth in recurrent pregnancy loss, Frontiers in Immunology 2026
- Yelnik et al., Changes in antiphospholipid antibody titers during pregnancy, Arthritis & Rheumatology 2016
- ALIFE2 study protocol, including inclusion and exclusion criteria, Trials 2015
- CDC, MTHFR gene variant and folic acid facts
- Lamers et al., 5-MTHF vs folic acid and red blood cell folate, 24-week RCT (n=136), Am J Clin Nutr 2006
- Bailey & Ayling, The extremely slow activity of dihydrofolate reductase in human liver, PNAS 2009
- Draicchio et al., 5-MTHF vs folic acid in a prenatal: randomized trial in pregnancy (n=62; funded by Ritual), Frontiers in Nutrition 2026
- Frye & Rossignol, Unmetabolized folic acid: a systematic review (61 studies), Nutrients 2026
- Hekmatdoost et al., Methylfolate vs folic acid in recurrent miscarriage by MTHFR genotype: randomized trial (n=220), PLoS One 2015
- Wilson et al., Riboflavin in people with the MTHFR 677TT genotype: randomized trial, Hypertension 2013
- Cleveland Clinic Laboratories, Homocysteine testing, not MTHFR genotyping
- de Ligny et al., Antioxidants for male subfertility, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2022
- Showell et al., Antioxidants for female subfertility, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020
- Meta-analysis of DHEA priming in women with poor ovarian response undergoing IVF/ICSI (2023)
- ESHRE, Guideline on the management of recurrent pregnancy loss (patient version, 2023 update)
- Quenby et al., Heparin for women with recurrent miscarriage and inherited thrombophilia (ALIFE2), Lancet 2023
- Randomised placebo-controlled trial of IVIg and prednisolone in recurrent pregnancy loss after ART, BMJ Open 2025
- Chronic endometritis and recurrent implantation failure: a narrative review (2025)
- American Thyroid Association, Guidelines for thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum (2017)
- ASRM, Subclinical hypothyroidism in the infertile female population: a guideline (2024)
- Dhillon-Smith et al., Levothyroxine in women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies before conception (TABLET), NEJM 2019
- USPSTF, Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: screening and supplementation (2024, grade I)
- Glimberg et al., The prevalence of celiac disease in women with infertility: systematic review and meta-analysis, Reprod Med Biol 2021
- Choi et al., Increased prevalence of celiac disease in patients with unexplained infertility in the United States, J Reprod Med 2011
- USPSTF, Aspirin use to prevent preeclampsia (2021, grade B)
- ACOG Committee Opinion 743, Low-dose aspirin use during pregnancy
- Rolnik et al., Aspirin vs placebo in pregnancies at high risk for preterm preeclampsia (ASPRE), NEJM 2017
- Coomarasamy et al., Progesterone in women with bleeding in early pregnancy (PRISM), NEJM 2019
- NICE (UK), Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: diagnosis and initial management (NG126)
- Kofinas AD et al., uterine artery Doppler and preeclampsia / growth restriction, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989 and 1992 (PubMed author listing)
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Folate fact sheet
- CDC, Folic acid: clinical overview for health professionals
- NICE NG247 (2025), evidence review on folic acid dose before pregnancy
- Chavarro et al., Multivitamin use and ovulatory infertility (Nurses' Health Study II), Fertility and Sterility 2008
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Vitamin D fact sheet
- Endocrine Society, Vitamin D for the prevention of disease (2024 guideline)
- Xu et al., CoQ10 before IVF in women with low ovarian reserve: randomized trial, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2018
- NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Coenzyme Q10
- Cochrane Review, Antioxidants for female subfertility (2020)
- FDA and EPA, Advice about eating fish
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Omega-3 fatty acids fact sheet
- International Evidence-based Guideline for PCOS (2023), summary
- Fitz et al., Inositol for PCOS: systematic review and meta-analysis for the 2023 guideline, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024
- Gerli et al., Myo-inositol in PCOS: randomized placebo-controlled trial, 2007
- Messerlian et al., Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and reproductive outcomes among women undergoing IVF (EARTH study), Environ Health Perspect 2016
- Male partner pesticide residue exposure from fruit and vegetable intake and infertility treatment outcomes, Am J Clin Nutr 2025
- EAACI Task Force / ASCIA: Testing for IgG4 against foods is not recommended as a diagnostic tool
- NICHD, Antioxidants do not improve male fertility (MOXI trial), 2020
- AUA/ASRM Guideline, Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men (2020, amended 2024)
- Chavarro et al., Diet and lifestyle in the prevention of ovulatory infertility, Obstetrics & Gynecology 2007
- Willis et al., Dietary patterns and fecundability in two preconception cohorts, 2022
- CDC, Preventing listeria
- FoodSafety.gov, Safe minimum internal temperatures
- FDA, Spilling the beans: how much caffeine is too much?
- Mayo Clinic, Caffeine content for coffee, tea, soda and more
- NICHD, Couples' caffeine before conception and miscarriage (LIFE study), 2016
- Rao et al., Alcohol, caffeine and IVF outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis, 2022
- Stocker et al., Shift work and reproductive outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis, Obstetrics & Gynecology 2014
- Willis et al., Sleep and fecundability (PRESTO cohort), 2019
- CDC, About sleep
- Boivin et al., Emotional distress and IVF outcome: meta-analysis, BMJ 2011
- Randomized trial of a mind/body program vs support group in distressed IVF patients, Human Reproduction 2024
- RESOLVE, Find a support group
- ESHRE Guideline, Routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction
- ASRM, Role of tubal surgery in the era of IVF: a committee opinion (2021)
- ASRM, Prevention of moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a guideline
- ASRM, Guidance on the limits to the number of embryos to transfer (2021)
- HFEA (UK fertility regulator), Treatment add-ons with limited evidence
- ASRM, Tobacco or marijuana use and infertility: a committee opinion
- ASRM, Obesity and reproduction: a committee opinion (2021)
- Smit et al., Hysteroscopy before IVF (inSIGHT randomized trial), The Lancet 2016
- Rossi et al., Alcohol use and IVF outcomes in 2,545 couples, Obstetrics & Gynecology 2011
- ACOG Clinical Consensus No. 8, Tailored prenatal care delivery (2025)
- ACOG Committee Opinion 700, Methods for estimating the due date
- ACOG, Prenatal genetic screening tests (patient FAQ)
- ACOG Practice Advisory, Screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities (2026)
- ACOG clinical practice update: screening for gestational and pregestational diabetes (2024), summary
- ACOG, 2026–27 respiratory virus season immunization recommendations
- CDC, Vaccination guidelines for pregnant people
- ACOG, Exercise during pregnancy (patient FAQ)
- ACOG, Morning sickness: nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (patient FAQ)
- ACOG, Bleeding during pregnancy (patient FAQ)
- ACOG, Healthy eating during pregnancy (patient FAQ)
- CDC Hear Her, Urgent maternal warning signs
- CDC, Alcohol use during pregnancy
- ACOG Practice Advisory, Acetaminophen use in pregnancy (2025)
- FDA, Letter to physicians on acetaminophen use in pregnancy (September 2025)
- FDA, Avoid NSAIDs in pregnancy at 20 weeks or later (2020)
- MotherToBaby, Hyperthermia (high body temperature) in pregnancy
- CDC, Weight gain during pregnancy
- Tong et al., Miscarriage risk after a heartbeat is seen, by week of pregnancy, Obstetrics & Gynecology 2008
- RCOG Green-top Guideline 17, Recurrent miscarriage (2023)
- National Maternal Mental Health Hotline, 1-833-TLC-MAMA (HRSA)
- ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline 4, Screening for perinatal mental health conditions (2023)
- ACMG Practice Guideline: lack of evidence for MTHFR polymorphism testing, Genetics in Medicine
- Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy: a comprehensive literature review, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2025
- USP Verified Mark: third-party supplement verification
Evidence standard
Claims are traced to primary research wherever it exists, supported by clinical guidance from major medical bodies, cross-checked against independent evidence synthesis and international guidelines. Commercial sources and individual experts help us find research; they never stand as proof. Every substantive recommendation carries an evidence label. The full method is here.
Each page carries its own editorial status: when it was written, when its citations were last checked, and whether a clinician has reviewed it. As of September 2026, none of this content has been clinically reviewed, and we label it that way rather than implying otherwise. How we handle evidence and review.